PHP ThinkPHP 框架入门

# PHP 需要先安装 Composer
composer create-project topthink/think myapp
cd myapp
php think run  # 启动内置服务器
``

访问 http://localhost:8000 看到欢迎页即安装成功。

目录结构
`
myapp/
├── app/
│   ├── controller/    # 控制器
│   ├── model/         # 模型
│   └── view/          # 视图
├── config/            # 配置文件
├── public/            # 网站根目录（入口文件）
├── route/             # 路由定义
└── think              # 命令行工具
`

路由
`php
// route/app.php
use think\facade\Route;

Route::get('/', 'Index/index');
Route::get('user/:id', 'User/show');
Route::post('user/create', 'User/create');
// 资源路由（自动生成增删改查路由）
Route::resource('article', 'Article');
`

控制器
`php
// app/controller/User.php
namespace app\controller;

use think\Request;
use app\model\User as UserModel;
class User {
    public function index(): string {
        $users = UserModel::select();
        return json($users);
    }
public function show(int $id): string {
        $user = UserModel::find($id);
        if (!$user) {
            return json(['error' => '用户不存在'], 404);
        }
        return json($user);
    }
public function create(Request $request): string {
        $data = $request->post();
        $user = UserModel::create($data);
        return json($user);
    }
}
`

模型
`php
// app/model/User.php
namespace app\model;

use think\Model;
class User extends Model {
    protected $table = 'users';
// 自动时间戳
    protected $autoWriteTimestamp = true;
// 字段类型
    protected $type = [
        'status' => 'integer',
    ];
// 关联：一个用户有多篇文章
    public function articles() {
        return $this->hasMany(Article::class);
    }
}
// 使用
$users = User::where('status', 1)->order('id', 'desc')->limit(10)->select();
$user  = User::find(1);
$user  = User::where('email', 'test@example.com')->find();
User::create(['name' => '张三', 'email' => 'zs@example.com']);
User::where('id', 1)->update(['name' => '李四']);
User::destroy(1);
`

视图
`php
// 控制器中返回视图
public function index(): \think\response\View {
    $users = User::select();
    return view('user/index', ['users' => $users]);
}
`

`html
<!-- app/view/user/index.html -->
{extend name="layout/base" /}
{block name="content"}
<ul>
{volist name="users" id="user"}
    <li>{$user.name} - {$user.email}</li>
{/volist}
</ul>
{/block}
`

数据库查询
`php
use think\facade\Db;

// 原生查询
$users = Db::query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = ?', [1]);
// 查询构造器
$users = Db::table('users')
    ->where('status', 1)
    ->where('age', '>', 18)
    ->order('created_at', 'desc')
    ->paginate(10);
// 事务
Db::transaction(function() {
    Db::table('accounts')->where('id', 1)->dec('balance', 100);
    Db::table('accounts')->where('id', 2)->inc('balance', 100);
});
`

中间件
``php
// app/middleware/Auth.php
namespace app\middleware;
class Auth {
    public function handle($request, \Closure $next) {
        if (!session('user_id')) {
            return redirect('/login');
        }
        return $next($request);
    }
}
// 在路由上使用
Route::get('dashboard', 'Dashboard/index')->middleware(\app\middleware\Auth::class);